Key facts about Presidents and presidential election in India


•    President, the head of the republic, is also the first citizen of the country and commander in chief of armed forces. President of India is elected by an electoral college comprising the elected members of the both houses of Parliament and the members of state assemblies the assemblies of Union Territories. The election process of the President takes place in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot.
•    President of India is elected for a period of five years. Dr Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, was the only President who was elected for two (consecutive) terms (Jan 26, 1950 to May 13, 1962). Pratibha Patial is the lone female President of the country.
•    India has witnessed 13 presidential polls during past six decades. First presidential poll took place in 1952 in which Dr Rajendra Prasad, who had been serving as the President since January 26, 1950 after being elected by the constituent assembly as the Parliament and many state assemblies were yet to be constituted, had defeated his nearest rival KT Shah.
•    In every presidential election, the official nominee of the ruling party have been elected as the President except in 1969 when Congress’ (the ruling party) official nominee Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was defeated by the independent candidate V. V. Giri (Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who was estranged with the Party organization led by K Kamraj had called the Congress lawmakers for conscience vote and conscience vote had won.)   
•    Later in July 1977, when Janata Party was in power, N Sanjiva Reddy was elected the President of India unopposed. Reddy has been the lone President who was elected unopposed.
•    KR Narayanan won 1997 presidential poll with the highest margin of votes.
•    R. Venkataraman, who was the President of India between July 1987 and July 1992, worked with highest number of Prime Ministers (Rajiv Gandhi, VP Singh, Chandrashekhar and PV Narasimha Rao) as the politics of coalition era started in his tenure which is still continued and no political party since 1984-85 general elections has been able to win majority in the Lok Sabha on its own.  
•    The residence of the Viceroy of British India which is popularly known as Raisina Hill was renamed as Rashtrapati Bhawan after the independence of the country and is now the official residence of the President of the republic.


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